history of the world

The history of the world is the history of humanity, over all the earth, beginning with the Paleolithic Era. Different from the history of Planet Earth (which covers the early history of geology and biology of the prehuman era), the history of the world consists of the study of archeology and written records, from ancient times. Notes ancient history begins with the invention of writing. However, the roots of civilization reach back to the period before the invention of writing. Prehistory begins in the Paleolithic Era, or "Early Stone Age," which was followed by the Neolithic Era, or New Stone Age, and the Agricultural Revolution (between 8000 and 5000 BC) in the Fertile Crescent. Neolithic Revolution marked a change in human history, as humans began the systematic breeding of plants and animals. Advanced agriculture, and most people graduating from nomadic to sedentary lifestyles as farmers in permanent settlements. Nomadism continues in many communities, particularly in remote areas with few species of cultivated plants, but the relative security and increased productivity provided by farming community which allows humans to expand into the larger unit, driven by advances in transportation.

Such farms are developed, agricultural grains become more sophisticated, and encourage the division of labor to keep food between growing seasons. Division of Labour subsequently led to the emergence leisured upper class and urban development. Complexity growth of human society requires writing and accounting systems. Many cities were developed on the edge of lakes and rivers, and by 3000 BC, some of the first prominent, well-developed settlements have emerged in Mesopotamia, on the edge of Egypt's Nile River, and in the valley of the Indus River. Similar civilizations probably developed along major rivers in China, but archaeological evidence for extensive urban development is less convincing.

The history of the Old World (Europe in particular, but also in the Middle East and North Africa) are generally divided into Antiquity, up to 476 CE, while the Middle Ages, from the 5th through the 15th century, including the Islamic Golden Age (c. 750 CE - c.1258 AD) and early Renaissance Europe (beginning around 1300 BC), the Early Modern period, from the 15th century to the 18's, including the Enlightenment, and the Late Modern period, from the Industrial Revolution to the present, including Contemporary History. Dalamsejarah West, the "real Fall of Rome" in 476 CE is generally taken as a signal of the end times and the early Middle Ages. In contrast, Eastern Europe saw the transition from the Roman Empire to the Byzantine Empire, which did not decrease until much later. In the mid-15th century, Johannes Gutenberg's invention of modern printing, menggunakanmovable type, revolutionized communication, helping end the Middle Ages and usher in the Scientific Revolution. In the 18th century, the accumulation of knowledge and technology, especially in Europe, has reached a critical mass that brought about the Industrial Revolution.

In other places, including the ancient Near East, ancient China and ancient India, scheduled to open different history. In the 18th century, however, due to the vast world trade dankolonisasi, most civilizations is becoming increasingly globalized. In the last quarter-millennium, the rate of population growth, knowledge, technology, trade, environmental destruction and degradation of weapons has been greatly accelerated, creating opportunities and dangers now facing the human community planet.

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Introduction to Islam

Islam emerged in the Arabian peninsula in the seventh Masihi period when Prophet Muhammad a revelation from God s.w.t. After the death of Rasullullah s.a.w. growing Islamic empire as far as the Atlantic Ocean in the west and Central Asia in the east. Gradually Muslims spread and there are many other Islamic kingdoms that emerged.

However, the emergence of Islamic kingdoms such Umaiyyah kingdom, the kingdom of Abbasid, Seljuk Turkish Seljuk empire, kingdom Uthmaniyyah Turkey Uthmaniyyah, Empires Moghul India, and the Sultanate of Melaka has to be among the strongest and greatest Empires in the world. A great place of learning science has realized one of the great Islamic civilization. Many experts in science, philosophy experts and so emerged from Islamic countries especially the Islamic Golden Age.

In the period of the 18th and the 19th Masihi, many Islamic regions fell into the hands of European colonizers. After World War I, Turkish Empires Uthmaniyyah the last Islamic Empires collapsed earth worship.

Islam is a doctrine revealed by God to Muhammad Rasullullah. SAW Rasullullah getting teachings from God delivered by God through the angel Gabriel in the form of revelation. Thus, since the fall of the first revelation is, the teachings of Islam began in the surface world, ranging from religious ordinances, social life, law and other science, technology and syaria `t` t islam syaria affecting human life on earth. So, no wonder if we can see a wide range of developmental science is now inseparable from the development of Islamic teachings. Therefore, in this article we are going to embark on a journey from the early formation of Islam.

Establishment of Islamic teachings actually began during the Prophet Adam (read `alaihisallam) which, according to history was created by God to make the caliph on earth, according to Al-Quran surah Al-Baqarah verse 30 which in translation means:

"Remember when your Lord said to the angels," Behold, I will make a caliph in the earth ". They said, "Do you want to make on the earth who will make mischief therein and shed blood, while we always praises thee and thy Cleanses?" The Lord said, "Verily I know what ye know not."

Prof. Quraish Shihab in his "Tafsir Al-Misbah" said the verse begins with the delivery of the decision of God to the angels about His plan made man on the earth. Submission to them is important because so many angels will be burdened concerning human task. Submission of this news indicates a process of giving responsibility to the person to perform a job, and the job exactly on earth. Logically, if we give a mandate to someone then we will give you a rule that there will be given the mandate to run well. Here begins an initial system is a milestone basis of Islamic teachings.

Prof Quraish Shihab also said in the same book, It should be noted that the word caliph of that paragraph was originally meant to substitute for a dating or who is coming after the previous. On this basis, one understands the word caliphate here in the sense that replaces God in His will enforce and implement the provisions of his, but not because God can not but intend to test man and give him respect.

Began an era in which the teachings of the Lord shall be delivered to the creation of his First Man charged with applying his teachings in order to be a Caliph on earth.

Along with the development time, the first true teachings of Islam is taught in doctrine or often we know and are familiar with the Godhead. This teaching is meant for humans on this earth knows there is only one (not that there are two, three, and so on) of the Creator is Allah SWT. Submission of the divine teaching begins from the time of Prophet Adam to Prophet Isa AS as "laailahaillallah" which means there is no god but Allah.

Just like a computer program, beginning with a program that is very fundamental and developed until such time as the program is perfectly achieved the best program. Islam, too, starting with a basic program in the form of the divine teachings up until his teachings that human life and even includes a guide of human life.

Thus, began a project final completion stage of development of Islamic religion are mandated by the last Prophet ie Muhammad SAW. This stage begins with the Apostolic Muhammad, who at that time was trying to leave Mecca Muhammad fled to Medina or due to a fluctuation of thinking about the trust that exists around the community at the time.

Dr. Hasan Ibrahim Hasan in his book titled "The History and Culture of Islam" says, he hated idols, so it never attend activities organized in the pilgrimage season. Likewise, he did not drink wine nor never eat animals slaughtered in the name of idols and never attended a nasty places. From this, the Prophet Muhammad was not interested in any religion professed by the arab community.

It makes solitude he always alone and think about it, maybe he thinks if all this does is desired by the Creator? That he may take and be Hanafiah, which embraced the teachings delivered by the Prophet Ibrahim about divinity. And even, to think that he tried to migrate and seek tranquility solitude as to keep away from the crowds in a cave, the cave of Hira. There he find peace and reflect on events that exist in the universe and think about the days after death. So every day Rasullullah SAW did this and even bring lunch to stay in the Cave of Hira is for 6 months until he reaches 40 years of age.

On Monday, exactly on time alone as meditated in the cave of Hira, on the 17th of Ramadan, there was an incident that made him a feeling of fear. In the event down to his first revelation delivered by the archangel Gabriel appears before him, and said in a commanding tone:

Read (Iqra ')!, Then he replied I can not read (Ma ana Biqari) then the angel Gabriel embraced his crouch and then release back until the third time that the angel Gabriel said:

Read with (call) the name of your Lord Who created. He created man from a clot. Read, and your Lord is the Most Generous, Who taught (the Man) by means of Qalam, He taught man what he did not know (Al-Quran Surah Al-`Alaq verses 1-5).

This is the first commandment of God to Muhammad in order to introduce the teachings of Islam by "READING" all about the divine. This is an early milestone Islam began, the first revelation was used as initial introduction of the Islamic teachings on all aspects of life is by READING. After these revelations, the revelations down the other for about 22 years until Islam improved the final revelation that Al-Maidah verse 3. All these revelations are summarized in a book called Al-Quran Surah 114 composition.

So first article on the development of Islam in the early days, hopefully this article useful to you and open up our thinking about what is Islam. For the next article I will write about Islam on the Quran and Islamic culture itself. Wassalam.

Sources: Al-Quran, "Tafsir Al-Misbah" by Prof. M. Quraish Shihab and "History and Culture of Islam" Dr. Hasan Ibrahim Hasan.

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Myths and Animal Behaviour

If you have a pet at home, be it dog, cat bird Atua. Did you know that animals can give a special message to you through their behavior? The animals are sometimes more sensitive than humans, especially if you treat them well. Sometimes animals have sharp instincts, even have a sixth sense that can read an event or situation.
There is a story sekitarabad to-12 in Japan. At that time the Japanese emperor happy to maintain a koi fish. One day the emperor saw a strange behavior in fish koinya. The fish were jumping like to get out of the pool. Then the emperor fish was taken out of the palace. Just emperor came out with his favorite koi fish, there was a very fierce earthquake, and revolved luckily survived because he was outside the royal courtyard. That was the beginning why koi fish called luck and expensive.
Here are some pets, whose behavior is analogous to an event carrying a sign:

Dog
Can you believe that animals have the instinct and the instinct to provide early warning to the owner of an event or situation? For example, if your dog howling at night, it could diisyarakatkan no evil spirits that would interfere with or who was passing in the area there. On the other khasus dogs howling at night can also mean there will be an event or disaster. If the dog snoring and tail folded down means there are spirits around you but it is not harmful creatures. Pranced dog behavior, tail lifted up the dog hair that blooms signify you're happy, it means there will be guests who came from far away that will provide sustenance.

Cat
If you like cats, you can also see in animal behavior. Moreover, the cat is believed to be the mysterious beast. If your cat meows with a great tone and long, then you have to be vigilant, because there will be people who menjahili you either directly or indirectly (read = used-to). Animals that one is supposed to ward off witchcraft coming. The power of witchcraft, and your cat will collide, it can be seen well from a superior who later, when the cat dies suddenly for no reason such as illness or accident means sipus lost after battling witchcraft coming. Your cat means to give up his life to be a shield for you. If I think I have to believe with this assumption because I myself also never had any personal experience with this.
Cat-butting behavior nyeruduk you, it means you will get sustenance. If your cat is often captured with other cats without cause, meaning there will be a fuss or quarrel at home or your home environment.

Bird
Birds can alert people about an event will occur. If doves sounds at night, it's a sign you will find a great disaster. But if the sound doves in the morning, then goodness will be with you step doves and if you die without a cause, it means you are willing doves into your shield, bird deaths caused by sudden people who want to do evil against you and keep your bird's life by sacrificing himself. Hence why the price is very expensive doves, because in addition to the sound of birds is also believed to have mystical elements that can protect.
If you have any around the house and loud crows, meaning there will be relatives of the sick or died. If you maintain an owl, be careful because the aura owls can invite spirits to come in your home. If you kept the goose, you probably are lucky, this animal is known to keep the house apart like dogs, they also like to give a warning out loud if there is a subtle form of attack such as witchcraft or spirits coming. Perhaps the belief, geese cries could expel spirits and like-kuntilanak Genderuwo!

Horse
If you have a horse, the horse is the most sensitive animals provide a warning for you. Horse suddenly whinnied fear, then you will find it difficult. If your horse breathed heavily, it was not because he was out jogging, especially if the horse is stable, and is not issued, the behavior of the horse as it signaled that he saw the dangerous spirits.

Weasel / grate
Lately a lot of people who keep ferrets / grate, you know that this type of animal can be protective for you, only if you are taking good care and give love to them. Elements of this type of animal aura stronger than animals Cats, Dogs and geese. In aura they can be protective for you. But you also have to be careful if you do not treat animals well and tend mentelantarkan or torturing them. Aura animals will turn gives you bad luck and lack of peace of your home. Even the aura that often hurt ferrets can invite evil spirits.

Butterfly
Sometimes none of you who like collecting certain types of butterflies. Maybe not strange yag or it is common knowledge that if a butterfly thought enters your home, you're coming of a special guest.

Snake
For those of you snake fancier, there are certain types of snakes uaranya able to invite the arrival of spirits, but there are also snakes are very cool aura that can make your heart at ease, especially small snakes. For those of you who like the kind of king cobra snake. Be aware that in addition to this highly dangerous snakes and venomous, the aura could make a bleak situation around you, and this is not good for fortune and success. Recommended if you maintain this kind of snake, also cultivate various crops cool aura. Regarding the discussion about plant uara you can read it here.

But however it is only the behavior of animals, sometimes to be believed, may not. Depending you react

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8 Misteri unsolved

There are few things in this world that is still a mystery and until now still not be disclosed, what are some of the mystery that follows:

1. BIMINI ROAD:
The diver (diver) who would never see the form of the path beneath the North Sea island of Bimini in the Bahamas. Many people found the path created by nature. However, the arrangement of stones that raises further questions as too "neat". Some experts suspect that the road is part of the City of Atlantis (as written by Plato several centuries ago). And the Bimini Road is still a question: is the way it is made of natural or man? Who is the author?

2. LIGHT BULB Marfa:
It is also called "Ball of Light Ghost". Was first seen in 1880 in the western city of Marfa, Texas. The light was described as big as a basketball, floating man with a shoulder height. Usually white, yellow, orange, red, and sometimes blue or green. Balls that wont fly around a certain area, then disappear by itself. To this day, the light was still visible.

3. LOST MYSTERY Jimmy Hoffa:
Known as Labor leader of America's most influential people in the year 1950 - 1960, Jimmy Hoffa is a figure that has changed the face of American labor. Dated July 30, 1975, Hoffa disappeared in a Detroit parking lot and never found again. One theory is believed Hoffa was killed by Jack Anthony Giacalone, a New Jersey gang leader. The bodies mentioned Hoffa buried under the foundations of the Giants stadium, Detroit. When excavation in foundation stadium, Hoffa corpse was not found.

4. MOTHMAN:
Mothman is one of the well-known urban legend in the area of ​​Virginia. Mothman is a creature depicted with wings and a tall man, with red eyes, sometimes appear without heads and red eyes in the chest. First discovered in the cemetery in Virginia in 1926.

5. JACK THE RIPPER:
Renowned as a mysterious killer in 1888, the identity of Jack The Ripper to this day has never been revealed. The victim is a prostitute who was murdered in a way that is reliable and mutilation perfect, make the police think Jack is a surgeon. Despite a lot of books, movies, and theories published, the identity of Jack the Ripper remains mysterious and not a single shred of evidence that could explain the actual identity.





 6. The Babushka Lady:
If you have ever watched a recording assassination of President John F. Kennedy in Dallas in 1963, look at the right corner of the tape. There was a veiled woman babushka (scarf made in Russia) who seems to record the incident. Oddly, the woman was never found. The FBI has asked her to hand over the tape to help the FBI find the killer American president. But she never showed up. Who is he? How could he stand so close to the car the President?


 
7. ZODIAC KILLER:
One of the most intelligent killer who was never caught up to this day is the Zodiac Killer. In 1960, the Zodiac Killer did the attempted murder of 7 people in Northern California. Five victims died, and two seriously injured. Initially, police seek identity of the killer adversity. A month after the first murder, the killer sent a letter to the police and claimed that he named the Zodiac Killer, and challenged the police to arrest him.
After the murder-7, Zodiac Killer suddenly disappeared.

8. Ogopogo:
Creatures similar to Nessy (long-necked, big bodied, and headed like a lizard) is a mysterious creature that appears in the Okanagan River, Canada. Many witnesses who managed to record images of these creatures. But no one has managed to catch it. Creatures who is also known by the name it has now become a mascot Naitaka Keilowa Park, Canada. And to this day, the mystery is never revealed.

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history of development and world football champion's

Football History
Football is one of the most popular sports in Europe and America. It has a lively and interesting history in the world of sports. The earliest evidence of soccer being played as a sport discovered occurrence in China for centuries BC 2 and 3. In China, it was during the Han dynasty that people dribbled leather balls by kicking it into a small net. Fact recordings also support the fact that Romans and Greeks used to play ball for fun and frolic. Some facts showing Kyoto in Japan where kicking the ball is a popular sport.
1. China
In china, during the reign of Emperor Cheng-Ti (32 sb AD) that resembles a football game is already known. In the book Kong-Fu Conficus, relics of the Chinese army, shown pictures of people playing football. Type permianan at that time was called Tsu-Chu (Chu and Tsu = feet = Boal made of leather and it contains the lawn). Permianan Tsu-Chu can be played the king's yard.

2. Japan
In the XIV century in Japan resembling football permianan known as over here. Come permianan usually played by Japanese nobility, especially in the city of Nara. The players use Silk Come Come game can be played on each January.


3. Egypt
In ancient Egypt game resembling soccer was dimainakan. Proven on the relics of ancient Egypt in the form of relief, it is envisaged the people who were playing football.

4. Greece
In ancient Greece, young people like to play football. In those days the young man called Episkyros.








5. Italy
In medieval've played a game that resembled soccer as the Haspartum. Then the game was developed by sebutang Gioco del Calcio. Samapai now the game is still played by people of Fiorentina.







6. French
In 1930 in France, played a kind of game that resembles the game of football as the Choule. The game is played every Sunday afternoon after worship.



7. English
Some argue that in the UK, they play soccer comes from Greek (Episkyros) and from Roman (Hapartum). What is clear is similar game of football had been played in England since 2000 years ago, it was proved in the eleventh century skulls and invaders Vikings kick-kick like a crowded football game. By karana human skull is too hard, then replaced with the inflated cow intestines.

It is said that the early growth of modern soccer began in England. Some funny even mention the fact that the first ball used was the head of some robbers Denmark. It is said that during the Middle Ages, the old form of football is used to allow many ill practices such as kicking, punching, biting and gouging. The main objective is to bring the ball to the target. People grew so fond of the game that they would flock the field all day. Sometimes the competition grew fierce and the masses become so wild that there are violent incidents during the game. It is also said that soldiers admired the game so much that they lose their archery practice to watch.

King Edward III banned football in 1365 due to growing incidents of violence and military indulgence in sports. In 1424 King James I of Scotland also declared in Parliament-"playing man-Na in Fute ball" (No man shall play football)

When and where exactly to start football is a question that has no right answer to it. You can easily say that this popular game has been played for more than three thousand years. The birth of modern-day football should be credited to England. He is also known as association football, with Scotland and England became co-founder of the game of soccer systematically.

Soccer Modern History: 18th Century onwards
In 1815, major developments occurred that make soccer popular in the Universities, Colleges and Schools. One popular English School and Eton College came forth with a set of rules, known as the Cambridge Rules. Football was separated into two groups, several colleges and schools choose to Rugby rules that allow tripping, shin kicking and carrying the ball. These rules are exclusively prohibited by the rules Cambridge.

Modern history of football was established in 1863. In October 1863, eleven representatives from London clubs and schools met at the Freemasons Tavern to create common ground rules to control the match between themselves. The result of this meeting was the formation of the Football Association. In December 1863, Association Football and Rugby Football finally divided as supporters of Rugby School rules walked out.

Firmly establish basic football in 1869, the Football Association strictly prohibits any form of ball handling. Popularity of soccer growing rapidly in the late 1800s as the British sailors, merchants and soldiers introduced the sport to different parts of the world.

Italy, Austria and Germany attractive to Europe, while Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil adopted the sport in South America. FIFA was founded in 1904 and by the early 1930s, different leagues that operate from various countries. FIFA credited with organizing the first World Cup in Uruguay. Football history is rich with events, and the development of a growing craze around the world. You will find yourself amazed as you learn about the different time from this wonderful sport which has held the admiration and awe for more than 3000 years.

List of World Cup Champion From Time to Time
1. World Cup 1930,
Place Uruguay, Uruguay Champion, Top Score Guillermo Stabile (Argentina), Total Goals 8.

2. World Cup 1934,
Place Italian, Italian Champion, Top Score Edmund Conen (Germany), Oldřich Nejedlý (Czechoslovakia), Angelo Schiavio (Italy), each with four goals.

3. World Cup 1938
Place French, Italian Champion, Top Score Leonidas (Brazil), Total Goals 8.

4. World Cup 1950
Place Brazil, Uruguay Champion, Top Score Ademir (Brazil), Total Goals 9.

5. 1954 World Cup
Place Swiss, West German Champion, Top Score Sándor Kocsis (Hungary), Total Goals 11.





6. 1958 World Cup
Place Swedish, Brazilian Champion, Top Score Just Fontaine (France), Total Goals 13.




7. 1962 World Cup
Place of Chile, Brazil Champion, Top Score Garrincha (Brazil), Vava (Brazil), Leonel Sánchez (Chile), Drazen Jerkovic (Yugoslavia), Valentin Ivanov (USSR), Florian Albert (Hungary), each with a number of goals that same, namely 4.




8. 1966 World Cup
Place the UK, British Champion, Top Score Eusébio (Portugal), Total Goals 9.

9. World Cup 1970
Place Mexico, Brazil Champion, Top Score Gerd Muller (West Germany), Total Goals 10.

10. World Cup 1974
Place of West Germany, West Germany Champion, Top Score Grzegorz Lato (Poland), Total Goals 7.

11. 1978 World Cup
Place of Argentina, Argentina Champion, Top Score Mario Kempes (Argentina), Total Goals 6.

 12. 1982 World Cup
Place Spanish, Italian Champion, Top Score Paolo Rossi (Italy), Total Goals 6.

13. 1986 World Cup
Place Mexico, Argentina Champion, Top Score Gary Lineker (England), Total Goals 6.

14. World Cup 1990
Place Italy, West Germany Champion, Top Score Salvatore Schillaci (Italy), Total Goals 6.

15. World Cup 1994
Place the United States, Brazil Champion, Top Score Hristo Stoitchkov (Bulgaria), Total Goals 6.

16. World Cup 1998
Place the French, the French Champion, Top Score Davor Suker (Croatia), Total Goals 6.

17. World Cup 2002
Place of South Korea - Japan, Brazil Champion, Top Score Ronaldo (Brazil), Total Goals 8.

18. World Cup 2006
Place German, Italian Champion, Top Score Miroslav Klose (Germany), Total Goals 5.

19. World Cup 2010
Hosts South Africa Spanish champions top scorer David Villa, Diego Forlan, Thomas Muller, Wesley Sneijder (5 goals each)

brazil? (Wait for the result 2014)

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function on the internet today

Current Internet
Internet is maintained by bi-or multilateral agreements and technical specifications (protocol which describes the data transfer between the circuit). These protocols are established based on conversations Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which is open to the public. The agency issued a document known as RFC (Request for Comments). Some RFCs are Internet standards (Internet Standard), the Internet Architecture Board (Internet Architecture Board - IAB). Internet protocols are commonly used are IP, TCP, UDP, DNS, PPP, SLIP, ICMP, POP3, IMAP, SMTP, HTTP, HTTPS, SSH, Telnet, FTP, LDAP, and SSL. Some of the popular services on the Internet that use these protocols is to email / mail, Usenet, Newsgroups, share files (File Sharing), WWW (World Wide Web), Gopher, session access (Session Access), WAIS, finger, IRC, MUD, and Mush. Among all of these, email / electronic mail and the World Wide Web more often used, and many other services are built upon them, such as mailing lists (Mailing List) and Weblog. The Internet allows the current service (real-time service), such as web radio, and webcast, which can be accessed around the world. Also through the Internet it is possible to communicate directly between two or more users through instant messenger programs such as Camfrog, Pidgin (Gaim), Trilian, Kopete, Yahoo! Messenger, MSN Messenger and Windows Live Messenger. Some of the popular Internet services are based on a closed system (Proprietary System), is like IRC, ICQ, AIM, CDDB, and Gnutella.

Internet Culture
A large number of Internet users and growing, have realized the Internet culture. The Internet also has a great influence on science, and worldview. Through keyword-driven search engines such as Google, users worldwide have easy access to the Internet on a variety of information. Compared with books and libraries, the Internet represents (Decentralization) / knowledge (knowledge) information and data in the extreme. The development of the Internet has also influenced economic development. Various sale and purchase transactions that previously could only be done by face-to-face (and some very small by mail or telephone), is now very easy and is often done via the Internet.

Transactions over the Internet is known as e-commerce. Related to governance, the Internet also fueled the growth of government transparency in the implementation of e-government as Sragen which succeeded in delivering enhanced scalability by leveraging the Internet to the area of ​​transparency of public funds and trimming the bureaucracy, so that residents in the area on the stretcher so profitable as the civil servants could also be improved kesejahterannya as regional income rises sharply.

Codes of conduct for Internet
Just as a community, the Internet also has a certain order, which is known as Nettiquette or in the Indonesian language known as netiquette. For in Indonesia besides social order also imposed regulations on the Internet (UU ITE).

Moral issues and legislation
There are communities vacillation on the Internet that culminates in some controversial material in it. Copyright infringement, pornography, identity theft, and hate speech (hate speech), is a common and difficult to maintain. By 2007, Indonesia still has Cyberlaw, whereas academic draft bill Cyberlaw been discussed since 2000 by the Directorate General of Post and Telecommunication and the Ministry. Extant laws related to information technology and telecommunications are the Telecommunications Act of 1999. Internet is also blamed by some people for being a cause of death. Brandon Vedas died of drug use that goes beyond the spirit of friends chatting IRCnya. Shawn Woolley committed suicide because of an addiction to online games, Everquest. Brandes was stabbed killed, and eaten by Armin Meiwes after answering an ad on the Internet.

Internet Access
Countries with the best Internet access, including South Korea (50% instead of the population has access jalurlebar - Broadband), and Sweden. There are two common forms of Internet access, the dial-up, and jalurlebar. In Indonesia, as a developing country where access to the Internet and PC penetration is high enough on the Internet capacity is cheap and inexpensive netbooks, only operator in Indonesia less fair in pricing and there is even one of the operators who deliberately create a "trap trap" in order that the Internet users to pay for more expensive air-million million dollars!!, the other about 42% of Internet access through public facilities such as wireless Internet cafe, cybercafes, etc. hotspot. Other public areas are often used for Internet access are on campus and in the office.

Besides using a PC (Personal Computer), we can also access the Internet via mobile phones (HP) to use facilities called GPRS (General Packet Radio Service). GPRS is a wireless communication standard (wireless) that has a connection speed of 115 kbps and supports the wider application (graphics and multimedia). GPRS technology is accessible to support the facility. Pen-setting of GPRS on mobile Depending operators (Telkomsel, Indosat, XL, 3) is used. Internet access charges calculated by the amount of capacity (per-kilobite) downloaded.

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terrible accident happened in the world of all time

RMS Titanic
RMS Titanic was a passenger liner that sank super Britain in the North Atlantic Ocean on April 15, 1912 after hitting an iceberg on its maiden voyage from Southampton, England to New York City. The sinking of the Titanic resulted in the death of as many as 1514 people in one of the disasters of the deadliest peacetime maritime history. Titanic was the largest ship in the world on its maiden voyage. One of the three Olympic-class ocean liner operated by the White Star Line. The ship was built in 1909 to 1911 by Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast. The ship is capable of carrying 2224 passengers.
The passengers consisted of a number of the richest people in the world, and more than a thousand emigrants from the United Kingdom, Ireland, Scandinavia, and other countries who are looking for a new life in North America. The ship was designed as comfortable and as luxurious as possible, with well equipped gymnasium, swimming pool, library, upscale restaurants and luxury cabins. This ship also has a cutting-edge wireless telegraph operated for the purpose of passenger and vessel operations. Although Titanic has advanced safety equipment such as watertight compartments and watertight doors that can be operated from a distance, the ship did not have enough lifeboats to accommodate all passengers. Due to safety regulations ancient sea, the Titanic had only a lifeboat that can only accommodate 1178 passengers - one-third of the total passengers and crew.
After leaving Southampton on 10 April 1912, the Titanic stopped at Cherbourg, France and Queenstown (now Cobh), Ireland before sailing west to New York. On 14 April 1912, four days after shipping, exactly 375 miles south of Newfoundland, the ship hit an iceberg at 23:40 (ship time; UTC-3). This resulted in a collision rather swipe Titanic hull plate inward in some places on the starboard side and ripped five of sixteen water-tight compartments. For two and a half hours later, the boat slowly filled with water and sank. The number of passengers and crew were evacuated into lifeboats, most have been released in a state of half-full. Many men in disproportionate numbers - nearly 90% in Year Two - abandoned because officers were loading the lifeboats comply with the protocol "women and children first". Just before 2:20 pm, Titanic broke and bow down with a thousand people on board. The people in the water died within minutes due to hypothermia because of contact with a very cold ocean. 710 passengers safely removed from the boat by the RMS Carpathia a few hours later.
The calamity was received with shock and outrage over the number of casualties and the failure of regulation and operation happens. Public inquiry in Britain and the United States pushing a major overhaul marine safety. One of the most important legacy of this disaster was the establishment of the International Convention for the Safety of Passengers at Sea (SOLAS), which still governs marine safety until now. Many survivors lost all their wealth and possessions and being poor, many families, especially families of the crew of Southampton, loses its main source of income. They all helped by a flood of sympathy and charitable donations from the community. Some of the men who survived, especially the head of the White Star Line, J. Bruce Ismay, denounced as a coward for abandoning ship when passengers are still on it, and they were ostracized by the public.
Wreck of Titanic still on the sea floor, slowly crushed in the depths of 12,415 feet (3.784 m). Since it was rediscovered in 1985, thousands of artifacts taken from the seabed and exhibited in various museums around the world. Titanic has become one of the famous ship in history. Its existence continues to be remembered by a number of books, films, exhibitions, and memorials.
Survivors and the dead
The number of victims of the sinking of Titanic was not clear due to several factors, including differences in the passenger list, which includes names of people who canceled their trips at the last minute, and the fact that the number of passengers using aliases for various reasons and counted twice in the list of victims. The death toll is estimated between 1490 and 1635 people. The number at the bottom of the report obtained by Great Britain Board of Trade about this disaster.

Category passengers	Number of passengers	Survivors	The death toll	Percentage of survivors	The percentage of dead
Children, Class Two	24th	24th	0	100%	0%
Children, First Class	6	5	1	83.4%	16.6%
Children, Class Three	79th	27th	52	34%	66%
Men, crew	865	192	693	22%	78%
Men, Class Two	168	14th	154	8%	92%
Men, First Class	175	57th	118	33%	67%
Men, Class Three	462	75th	387	16%	84%
Women, crew	23	20th	3	87%	13%
Women, Class Two	93	80th	13th	86%	14%
Women, Class A	144	140	4	97%	3%
Women, Class Three	165	76th	89th	46%	54%
Total	2224	710	1514	32%	68%

Less than a third passenger survived the Titanic disaster. Some of the survivors died shortly afterwards; injuries and the impact of exposure to cold water resulted in the death of a few survivors on board the Carpathia. This represents a striking difference in levels of survivors of various classes of Titanic passengers. Although only 3 percent of the class of women who died, 54 percent of women killed in the third grade. Similarly, five of the six children first and all of second grade children survived, but 52 of 79 third-grade children were killed. The last survivors are still alive, Millvina Dean from England, who at the age of nine weeks became the youngest passenger on the ship, who died on May 31, 2009 at the age of 97 years.

The shuttle Columbia
The shuttle Columbia (NASA aircraft code: OV-102) is a first space shuttle orbiter in NASA's fleet. First mission, STS-1 took place from 12 Apriluntil 14 April 1981. On February 1, 2003, the plane exploded in the 28nya mission, STS-107, killing the entire crew of seven persons, namely Rick D. Husband (commander), William C. McCool (Pilot), David M. Brown, Kalpana Chawla (India-The first American in space), Michael P. Anderson, Laurel B.Clark and Ilan Ramon (the first Israeli man in space)
Throughout its history, Columbia has conducted 28 flights, spent a period as long as 300.74 days in space, Completing 4808 orbits, and flew 201,497,772 miles, Including the last mission.

Chernobyl

Tanggal26 In April 1986, the world witnessed the worst accident in the history of the world. Chernobyl disaster known as socio-economic catastrophe in peacetime. 50% of the area of ​​Ukraine affected. More than 200,000 people had to be evacuated and resettled while 1.7 million people were directly affected by the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident. Deaths related to Chernobyl victims, including people who died from cancer years later, is estimated at 125,000 inhabitants. Total costs including recovery, resettlement, and compensation to victims is estimated at $ 200 billion.

Cost of a new steel shelter for the Chernobyl nuclear embed spend up to $ 2 billion alone. The accident was officially attributed to power nuclear plant in violation of procedures and planting ignore security requirements that have been set.

Prestige

13 November 2002, a tanker ship "Prestige" loaded with 77,000 tons of fuel oil one of the 12 tanks exploded when the storm hit Spain. Fearing that the ship exploded, then the captain called for help on Spanish rescue workers, expecting the ship can be towed to the nearest port.

However, for fear of jeopardizing the case was rejected by the local government of Spain. Do not want to lose the sense, the captain also asked for help from the Portuguese and French, but for a long time, the captain was forced to bite her toes being rejected and asked to stay away from their waters.

The storm got worse and the ship split in half, removing as much as 20 million gallons of oil and polluting the sea. Who suffered total losses plus cleaning the sea is 12 Billion U.S. Dollars

Chernobyl accident of 1986 On 26 April 1986, reactor # 4 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant near the town of Pripyat, Ukraine, exploded. The explosion happened at 1:23 in the morning when the neighboring town of Pripyat residents were tertidur.suatu nuclear leak disaster, and there is also a mention as the collapse of container planting nuclear accident of Chernobyl. The accident was officially attributed to power plant operators who violated procedures and standards necessary for safety requirements. the incident occurred on April 26, 1986.Yes, Chernobyl was a disaster that has been called the biggest socio-economic concerns throughout history. 50% of the area of ​​Ukraine that affected. More than 200,000 people had to be evacuated and resettled while 1.7 million people were directly affected by the disaster. Deaths attributed to Chernobyl, including people who died from cancer years later, is estimated at 125,000 inhabitants. Two workers were killed instantly. 40 hours later, the residents of Pripyat were ordered to evacuate, and never come back, at the time, many people have suffered varying degrees of radiation poisoning. In 2003, the United Nations Development Programme launched a project called the Chernobyl Recovery and Development (CRDP) for the recovery of the affected areas.The program launched its activities based on Human Consequences of the Chernobyl Nuclear Accident report recommendations and was initiated in February 2002. The main goal of the CRDP's activities is supporting the Government of Ukraine to mitigate long-term consequences of social, economic and ecological disaster of Chernobyl, among others. CRDP works in the four most Chernobyl-affected areas in Ukraine: Kiev Oblast, Zhytomyrska Oblast, partially Kiev, Rivne Oblast Chernihivska and Oblast. 

Metrolink CALIFORNIA

12 September 2008 was the worst rail accident within California history, 25 people were killed when a Metrolink train collides with train Union Pacific Los Angeles. The main causes of accidents due to the Metrolink that strap in one (red signal). Loss of about 500 million U.S. dollars.

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