history of the world

The history of the world is the history of humanity, over all the earth, beginning with the Paleolithic Era. Different from the history of Planet Earth (which covers the early history of geology and biology of the prehuman era), the history of the world consists of the study of archeology and written records, from ancient times. Notes ancient history begins with the invention of writing. However, the roots of civilization reach back to the period before the invention of writing. Prehistory begins in the Paleolithic Era, or "Early Stone Age," which was followed by the Neolithic Era, or New Stone Age, and the Agricultural Revolution (between 8000 and 5000 BC) in the Fertile Crescent. Neolithic Revolution marked a change in human history, as humans began the systematic breeding of plants and animals. Advanced agriculture, and most people graduating from nomadic to sedentary lifestyles as farmers in permanent settlements. Nomadism continues in many communities, particularly in remote areas with few species of cultivated plants, but the relative security and increased productivity provided by farming community which allows humans to expand into the larger unit, driven by advances in transportation.

Such farms are developed, agricultural grains become more sophisticated, and encourage the division of labor to keep food between growing seasons. Division of Labour subsequently led to the emergence leisured upper class and urban development. Complexity growth of human society requires writing and accounting systems. Many cities were developed on the edge of lakes and rivers, and by 3000 BC, some of the first prominent, well-developed settlements have emerged in Mesopotamia, on the edge of Egypt's Nile River, and in the valley of the Indus River. Similar civilizations probably developed along major rivers in China, but archaeological evidence for extensive urban development is less convincing.

The history of the Old World (Europe in particular, but also in the Middle East and North Africa) are generally divided into Antiquity, up to 476 CE, while the Middle Ages, from the 5th through the 15th century, including the Islamic Golden Age (c. 750 CE - c.1258 AD) and early Renaissance Europe (beginning around 1300 BC), the Early Modern period, from the 15th century to the 18's, including the Enlightenment, and the Late Modern period, from the Industrial Revolution to the present, including Contemporary History. Dalamsejarah West, the "real Fall of Rome" in 476 CE is generally taken as a signal of the end times and the early Middle Ages. In contrast, Eastern Europe saw the transition from the Roman Empire to the Byzantine Empire, which did not decrease until much later. In the mid-15th century, Johannes Gutenberg's invention of modern printing, menggunakanmovable type, revolutionized communication, helping end the Middle Ages and usher in the Scientific Revolution. In the 18th century, the accumulation of knowledge and technology, especially in Europe, has reached a critical mass that brought about the Industrial Revolution.

In other places, including the ancient Near East, ancient China and ancient India, scheduled to open different history. In the 18th century, however, due to the vast world trade dankolonisasi, most civilizations is becoming increasingly globalized. In the last quarter-millennium, the rate of population growth, knowledge, technology, trade, environmental destruction and degradation of weapons has been greatly accelerated, creating opportunities and dangers now facing the human community planet.